Guide to Monaural, Stereo, Multichannel and Surround Sound

If descriptions of common audio formats in audio components leave you confused, learn these few terms that all audiophiles should be familiar with before buying a new audio system.

Monaural sound

Mono audio is a single channel or soundtrack produced by a single speaker. It is also known as single tone audio or high definition audio. Mono audio has been replaced stereo or stereo sound in the 1950s, so you’re unlikely to come across any mono equipment for your home.

stereo sound

Stereo or binaural audio consists of two separate audio channels or audio tracks played back by two speakers. Stereo sound provides a sense of directionality because different sounds can be heard in two directions. Stereo sound is still the most common form of audio reproduction in use today.

Surround sound or multi-channel sound

surround sound also known as multi-channel audio, is created by at least four and seven independent audio channels and speakers, located in front and behind the listener. The goal is to surround the listener with sound. Surround sound can be burned to music DVDs, DVD movies, and some CDs. Surround sound became popular in the 1970s with the introduction of quadraphonic sound, also known as quad. Since then, surround sound or multi-channel sound has been developed and used in high-end home theater systems. Multi-channel audio is available in three configurations: 5.1, 6.1 and 7.1 channel audio.

5.1 channel audio is a standard audio format for movies and music with five main audio channels and sixth subwoofer channel (called the first level channel), which is used for movie special effects and bass for music. A 5.1-channel system consists of a stereo pair of speakers, a center channel speaker located between the stereo speakers, and two surround speakers located behind the listener. 5.1-channel audio can be found on DVD movies and music discs, as well as some CDs. The two most common 5.1 channel formats are Dolby Digital 5.1 and DTS Digital Surround.
6.1 channel audio is an upgrade to 5.1-channel audio with an additional center surround speaker located between the two surround speakers directly behind the listener. 6.1 channel sound creates a more immersive sound experience.
7.1 channel audio is an additional sound enhancement for 5.1-channel sound thanks to two additional side surround speakers located on the sides of the listener seat. 7.1 channel audio is used for better sound coverage and more precise positioning of sounds.